Proper usage of drugs, chemicals and feed additives in food animals

PROPER USAGE OF DRUGS,
CHEMICALS AND FEED
ADDITIVES IN FOOD ANIMALS
Drug Definition: Usage of a
Compound with Intent
„ To prevent„ To treat„ To make a change in body function Approved Drug Types
„ Vaccines„ Antibiotics/Antibacterials„ Chemicals„ Hormones/Steroids Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
Within-Label Drug Usage
„ Approved drug for animal species on label„ Correct route on label„ Correct dosage on label„ Usage on label„ Withdrawal time on label Drug Withdrawal Time
„ Time to be eliminated from body„ Time to be reduced to safe level in body„ Published on label Drug Elimination Time
„ Time to be eliminated from body„ Not published on label „ Time more than 24 hrs – considered safe Prescription Drugs
„ Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to
use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian Unapproved Drug Types
„ Tranquilizers (ace, thorazine) „ Natural tranquilizers (vitamin B6, tryptophan, herbs)„ Local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine) „ Diuretics (except Lasix®, Diuril® for udder edema)„ Natural dewormers (tobacco, garlic, DE)„ Caffeine diuretics (coffee, tea, chocolate, soda)„ Alcohol tranquilizers (beer, whiskey)„ Human drugs (topical, oral, parenteral) Prohibited Drug Types
„ Diethylsilbestrol„ Chloramphenicol„ Nitroimidazoles„ Clenbuterol„ Dipyrone„ Fluoroquinolines„ Glycopeptides„ Nitrofurans (oral, topical, parenteral)„ Gentian Violet„ Sulfonamide (adult dairy cattle)„ Phenylbutazone (adult dairy cattle) Extra-Label Drug Usage
„ Federal law restricts extra-label drug use by or on the order „ Dispensed: Veterinarian Label„ Prescribed: Veterinarian Prescription„ Not permitted in feed and water Medicated Feed
Coccidiostats
„ Goats
Medicated Feed
Antibacterials
Antibiotics
Dewormers
Approved Drugs for Rabbits
„ No medicated feed antibacterials„ No antibiotics„ No dewormers LIQUAMYCIN
LA-200®
(OXYTETRACYCLINE INJECTION)
Each ml contains 200mg of oxytetracycline base as oxytetracycline amphoteric
For Use in Beef Cattle,
Nonlactating Dairy Cattle and Swine
injection) is a sterile, ready-to-use solution refrigeration; however, it is recommended for the administration of the broad-spectrum that it be stored at room temperature, 15°- antibiotic oxytetracycline (Terramycin) by 30°C (59°-86°F). The antibiotic activity of injection. Terramycin, discovered by Pfizer scientists, is an antimicrobial agent that is diminished in the presence of body fluids, effective in the treatment of a wide range of disease caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Discontinue treatment at least 28 days prior
LIQUAMYCIN® LA-200 ® administered to
to slaughter of cattle and swine.
cattle or swine for the treatment of
bacterial pneumonia at an intramuscular
dosage of 9 milligrams of oxytetracycline
Not for use in lactating dairy animals.
per pound of body weight, has been
demonstrated in clinical trials to be as
effective as two or three repeated, daily
treatments of Terramycin ® Injectable at
3 to 5 milligrams per pound of body
weight.
PRECAUTIONS
Exceeding the highest recommended dosage level of drug per pound of body weight per day,
administering more than the recommended number of treatments, and/or exceeding 10 ml
intramuscularly per injection site in adult beef cattle and nonlactating dairy cattle, and 5 ml
intramuscularly per injection site in adult swine, may result in antibiotic residues beyond the
withdrawal period.
Reactions of an allergic or anaphylactic nature, sometimes fatal, have been known to occur in hypersensitive animals following the injection of oxytetracycline. Such adverse reactions can be characterized by signs such as restlessness, erection of hair, muscle trembling; swelling of eyelids, ears, muzzle, anus and vulva ( or scrotum and sheath in males); labored breathing, defecation and urination, glassy-eyed appearance, eruption of skin plaques, frothing from the mouth, and prostration. Pregnant animals that recover may subsequently abort. At the first sign of any adverse reaction, discontinue use of this product and administer epinephrine at the recommended dosage levels. Call a veterinarian immediately.
Shock may be observed following intravenous administration, especially where highly concentrated materials are involved. To minimize this occurrence, it is recommended that LIQUAMYCIN® LA-200 ® be administered slowly by this route.
Shortly after injection, treated animals may have transient hemoglobinuria resulting in darkened urine.
As with all antibiotic preparations, use of this drug may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. A lack or response by the treated animal, or the development of new signs, may suggest that an overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms has occurred. If any of these conditions occur, consult your veterinarian.
Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving LIQUAMYCIN® LA-200 ® in conjunction with penicillin.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Keep from freezing.
Lasix® (furosemide)
A diuretic-saluretic for prompt relief of
Lasix ® (furosemide), a diuretic, is an anthranilic acid derivative with the following structural Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to
use by or on the order of a licensed
veterinarian.
DESCRIPTION
Lasix ® (furosemide) is a chemically distinct diuretic and saluretic pharmacodynamicallycharacterized by the following: 1) A high degree of efficacy, low-inherent toxicity and a high therapeutic index.
2) A rapid onset of action and of comparatively short duration. 1,2 3) A pharmacological action in the functional area of the nephron, i.e., proximal and distal tubules and the ascending limb of the loop of Henele, 2, 3, 4 4) A dose-response relationship and a ratio of minimum to maximum effective dose Generic name: Furosemide (except in United Kingdom-frusemide). Chemical name: 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid.
5) If may be administered orally or parenterally. It is readily absorbed from the intestinal tract and well tolerated. The intravenous route produces the most rapid diuretic response.
INDICATIONS
Dogs Cats & Horses
(furosemide) is from the activity of the extracellular fluids. The rationale for the excretion minimize the possibility of its associated with cardiac insufficiency and crystalluria. Lasix® (furosemide) has no inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone activity in the distal tubule. The drug possesses diuretic activity either in presence of acidosis or alkalosis 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 DOSAGE ORAL
Lasix ® (furosemlde) is indicated for the DOG AND CAT
One-half to one 5O mg scored tablet per 25 edema of the mammary gland and associated pounds body weight. One 12.5 mg tablet per 5 to 10 pounds body weight. Administer once or twice daily permitting a 6- to 8-hour interval CONTRAINDICATIONS - PRECAUTIONS
between treatments. In refractory or severe Lasix ® (furosemide) is a highly effective edematous cases the dosage may be doubled or diuretic-saluretic which it given in excessive increased by increments of 1 mg per pound body electrolyte imbalance Therefore, the dosage and paragraphs “Dosage and Administration“ schedule may have to be adjusted to the patient's needs. The animal should be observed PARENTERAL:
for early signs of electrolyte imbalance and DOG AND CAT
corrective measures administered. Early signs Administer intramuscularly or Intravenously 1/4 of eleclrolyte imbalance are increased thirst, lethargy, drowsiness or restlessness fatigue, Administer once or twice daily, permitting a 6- to oliguria, gastro-intestinal disturbances and 8-hour interval between treatments. In refractory tachycardia. Special attention should be given to or severe edematous cases the dosage may be potassium levels. Lasix ® (furosemide) may doubled or increased by increments of 1 mg per lower serum calcium levels and cause tetany in rare cases of animals having an existing HOW SUPPLIED
The individual dose is 250 to 500 mg (5 to Parental: Lasix ® (furosemide) injection intravenously once or twice daily at 6- to 8- hour intervals until desired results are stabilized with myristyl-gamma-picolinium adjust dosage schedule accordingly. Do
sodium sulfite 0.1% with sodium chloride not use in horses intended for food.
Tablets:
intramuscularly or intravenously is 500 mg twice daily at 12-hour intervals. Treatment not to exceed 48 hours postparturition.
4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic not be used for food. Cattle must not be 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic CAUTION. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on
the order of a licensed veterinarian
DESCRIPTION
Acepromazine Maleate, a potent neuroleptic agent with a low order of toxicity, is of particular value In the tranquilization of dogs, cats, and horses. Its rapid action and lack of hypnotic effect are added advantages.
According to Baker,' the scope of possible applications for this compound in veterinary practice is only limited by the imagination of the practitioner.
CHEMISTRY
Acepromazine (10.(3.(dimethylamino) propyl) phenothiazin-2-yl-methyl ketonel Maleate has the ACTIONS:
PromAce (Acepromazine Maleate) has a
depressant effect on the central nervoussystem and therefore causes sedation, muscular PromAce Injectable can be used as an aid in relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity It acts rapidly, exerting a prompt and transportation. Particularly useful whenused in conjunction with local anesthesia for INDICATIONS:
firing, castration, neurectomy, removal of DOGS AND CATS
skin tumors, ocular surgery and applying casts.
PromAce Injectable and Tablets can be used as an aid in controlling intractable animals during examination, treatment. grooming, x.ray, and minor surgical procedures; to alleviate itching as a result of skin irritation; as an antie-metic to control vomiting associated with motion sickness. PromAce Injectable is particularly useful as a preanesthetic agent (1) to enhance and prolong the effects of barbiturates, thus reducing the requirements for general anesthesia; (2) as an adjunct to surgery under Local anesthesia.

Source: http://duval.agrilife.org/files/2011/07/Proper-Usage-of-Drugs.pdf