I am herewith enclosing the manuscript entitled “hemoglobin a1c: biomarker for diabetes prediction” for publication

JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
Research Article
STUDY OF ALTERED DISINTEGRATION RATES OF PAIN
RELIEF DRUGS IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES
Sreelesh Brinda 1*, Vaze Varsha 1, Rakha Pankaj 3, Dhingra Gitika Arora 1, Nagpal
Manju2, Gadge M. S. 1
1. NCRD’S Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Sector- 19 A, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 2. Chitkara School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan (HP) 3. PDM School of Pharmacy, Karsindhu, Safdon, Jind.
ABSTRACT
Variable drug release from the solid dosage forms has been an important cause of bioavailability problems.
The two main processes by which they release drugs are disintegration and dissolution. In the present study
the disintegration time of three immediate release dosage pain –relief tablets, Mefenamic acid-Drotaverine
HCl (250mg/80mg), Mefenamic acid- Dicyclomine HCl (250mg/10-mg tablets) , Ibuprofen-Paracetamol
(400mg/325mg) tablets indifferent beverages were compared with water. The beverages chosen were 6%
and 3.5% Milk, Soft drink, Butter milk and Fruit juice. The test was carried out using USP disintegration
test apparatus. The results showed that the disintegration time was highest in 6% milk then in 3.5% milk,
subsequently followed by fruit juices and butter milk .The disintegration was the least in the soft drink. The
addition of the USP disc to stimulate food weight on disintegration of IR tablets revealed that food weight
is not an important parameter in such a dosage form. These were all in comparison to its breakup in water.
From the above study it can be concluded that there is a variation in the disintegration time of the pain
relief tablets in different beverages. The highest variation was found when milk was the beverage. The
patients on these medications should be advised against consuming them with beverages slowing their
disintegration and in turn affecting their bioavailability.
KEYWORDS : Disintegration test, food effect, pain relief IR tablets.

INTRODUCTION
administration, has long been a problem. therapeutic failure or drug toxicity, the 'art of bespoke prescribing’ remains a Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
major goal of clinical pharmacology [2]. area to the fluid. Hence, in vitro In the past variation in the composition, disintegration test is an official test. It is occasionally in intestinal medium. In the prescribed to perform this test with the aim to test batch-to-batch reproducibility of tablets. But if the drugs are ingested with different beverages, it will affect category of drugs, patients are counseled to take medication with fluids other than water like in pain-relief medications; to thereafter be absorbed into the systemic In the study of disintegration of TriCor 'bioavailability' is used to describe the both 'acutely', if a drug is taken with a meal, and 'chronically', where regularly absorption of the drug, which is affected gastrointestinal fluids and permeability is greatly influenced by disintegration of such as milk, butter milk, fruit juice, and tablet due to exposure of limited surface Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
disintegration apparatus and loaded into a one-liter, low-form glass beaker filled Indian families. Amul Masti (buttermilk) maintained at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C throughout the entire test period. The apparatus was calibrated based on the guideline of USP MATERIALS AND METHODS
31–NF 27 to ensure that the basket Materials
Three IR pain-relief tablets were chosen disintegration parameter, the tested pain 348.7 ± 3.8 mg, n = 3), Mefenamic acid- was then placed flat on top of the tablet. tablets (Meftal Spas by Blue Cross Labs, 2012; total tablet weight 300.6 ± 2.9 mg, No.- 029136, Exp. July 2012; total tablet weight 920.5 ± 2.3 mg, n = 30) were Statistical Analysis
independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were considered significant at p < 0.05 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
during lunch. The disintegration in this beverages. The control used was distilled for as compared to 5.2 ± 0.17 min (n=6), The three drug candidates chosen for the of 2.8±0.6 min (n=6) in butter milk and carbon dioxide. It may be suggested that as high as 20.6±0.9 min (n=6) in water. Again a vast difference of nearly 18 min. earlier studies it has been reported that disintegration. Statistical results also indicated that disintegration of all three the results obtained in water suggesting Dicyclomine tablet which was 0.4 ± 0.10 (n=6) in water. The duration required for the DT difference in juice and water was disintegrate in the soft drink was 2.08 ± statistically significant), but 22.6±0.12 20.6 ± 0.9 min (n=6) in water. It showed medicines. It is psychological notion of Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
gastric distress. The disintegration was carried in milk with fat content of 3.5% media, may be atttributed to the lipidic nature of milk. It was also observed that respectively. The DT results obtained in the food weight effect exerted on a tablet tablet to break down. The disintegration ingested after meal, the data indicate that significant result of faster disintegration respectively as compared to a very rapid disintegration of 0.8 ± 0.23min (n=6) in tablets revealed that food weight is not Immediate release tablets are formulated CONCLUSION
their constituent granules and then into different beverages on the disintegration Disintegrants, an important excipient of of IR pain relief medications. The results the tablet to induce breakup of the tablet fluid. It can be further noted that most of (sprite), buttermilk (amul masti) , fruit Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
It is also suggested that instead of using only a straight beverage as disintegration present in the stomach. Other factors like especially pain relief medications, with milk to decrease the potential for gastric irritation. Since an IR pain medication is will affect the disintegration of tablet in
Table 1. Disintegration times of (A) Mefenamic acid- Dtrotaverine HCl , (B) Mefenamic
acid- Dicyclomine, and (C) Ibuprofen-Paracetamol tablets in 800 ml of test beverages.
Mefenamic
6.5% milk 105 min ± 0.8 mina (n=6) 52.2 min ± 0.54 mina 9.9 min ± 1.08 mina 3.5% milk 90.8 min ± 0.2 mina (n=6) 39.6 min ± 0.46 mina 5.5 min ± 0.4 mina 10.3 min ± 0.17 mina 22.6 min ± 0.12 mina 5.4 min ± 0.11 mina 2.08 min ± 0.6 mina (n=6) 2.6 min ± 0.53 mina 0.4 min ± 0.10 mina 8.9 min ± 0.2 mina (n=6) 2.8 min ± 0.6 mina 1.3 min ± 0.53 mina 5.2 min ± 0.17 mina (n=6) 20.6 min ± 0.9 mina 0.8 min ± 0.23 mina (Control)
a indicates that the result obtained is significant at 95% confidence interval.
b indicates that the result obtained is not significant at 95% confidence interval.

Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074

Table 2: Disintegration times of (A) Mefenamic acid- Dtrotaverine HCl , (B) Mefenamic
acid- Dicyclomine, and (C) Ibuprofen-Paracetamol tablets in 800 ml of test beverages
using a 3.05-g USP disk to simulate food-weight effect
.
Mefenamic
51.9 min ± 0.54 mina 9.8 min ± 1.1 mina (n=6) 3.5% milk 83.8 min ± 0.2 mina (n=6) 37.6 min ± 0.46 mina 5.5 min ± 0.4 mina 21.8 min ± 0.12 mina 5.4 min ± 0.11 mina 2.08 min ± 0.6 mina (n=6) 1.5 min ± 0.53 mina 0.4 min ± 0.10 mina 8.1 min ± 0.2 mina (n=6) 2.8 min ± 0.6 mina 1.3 min ± 0.53 mina 3.1 min ± 1.5 mina (n=6) 16.6 min ± 0.4 mina 0.8 min ± 0.23 mina (Control)

a indicates that the result obtained is significant at 95% confidence interval.
b indicates that the result obtained is not significant at 95% confidence interval.
REFERNCES:
Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH
ISSN 2319-1074
Pharmacopeia and National Formulary USP 31–NF 26; The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.: Rockville MD, 2008: 266. Neil, R. Tablets. In: L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman , and J. L. Kanig (eds.), The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 306, 1991. disintegration and drug dissolution in viscous media: paracetamol IR tabl 355(1-2); 2008: 93-9. Dickinson, P.A. An investigation of the disintegration of tablets in biorelevant media. Int J Pharm .2005; 290: 121-12. Tablets and Compactation. Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines. Volume 1 Issue 2: 2012 www.earthjournals.org

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