Frame Formation and Frame Transition in Korean
Anti-Prostitute Movements from 1970 to 2005
Lee, Dong Ju
M.A. Dept. of Sociology, Korea University
This article analyzes the process of frame formation and frame
transition in Korean anti-prostitute movements. From 1970s to 2005,
Korean anti-prostitute movements had developed distinctive frames
and had used the different strategies at each period. Frames of the
movements were categorized into 4 different groups. The first frame
was the moral opposition frame on prostitution. Centering around
the Korea Church Women United, an association of Christian bodies,
it encountered the ethics of Christianity. Anti-prostitute movements
of this period formed the frame that prostitution was the side effect
of Capitalism. They focused on criticism about government tourism
policies for the reason that government facilitated sex industry to
earn foreign exchange with the expression of nationalism. The
second frame was the human rights frame. In this period, activists
working in shelters for sex workers regarded prostitution as a severe
violation of human rights due to socioeconomic problems. They
recognized the problem of the Anti-Prostitution law while helping
sex workers to escape from the sex industry and insisted on the
revision of the law. During the third period, the frame of the
anti-prostitute movement was specified as sexual violation by the
coalition of the feminist movement organizations. Under this frame,
prostitution issues were understood as the conspiracy of the
154 Korean Journal of Social Issues Vol.8 No.1 April 2008
patriarchal state and male chauvinists, therefore considering sex
workers as the victims of the patriarchal society. Moreover, the
strengthened ability of the feminist movement organizations made it
possible to take the advantage of the changes in the political
opportunity structure and to lead the government to enact the New
Anti-Prostitution Law. However, this new law also created the
opportunity for organizing sex workers who were opposed to it. In
this fourth period, frame dispute arose between the sexual violation
frame and the sex worker's labor right frame. This frame dispute was
a consequence of the limitations of the master frame of the earlier
anti-prostitute movements, i.e., the violation of the sexual autonomy.
In conclusion, social movement frames can be used as the key
strategy of organizing movements and play an important role in
interpreting the opportunities and constrains of the movements and
persuading bystanders to support the movements. However, any
contradiction within movement frames will bring about frame
disputes, and consequently negative results to the movements by
damaging the legitimacy of the movements.
Key words : anti-prostitution movements, anti-prostitution law,
Fabulous Single and Doenjangnyo: The Politics of
Mo, Hyun Joo
M.A. Dept. of Sociology, Yonsei University
What we can see in the Korean society from early 2000 is the
advent of various social changes centered on women in their
twenties and thirties. As we can see from increase in unmarried and
late-marrying women and low birth rate, consequent changes created
by young women are being noticed. The big issue at the same time
is patterns of consumption among single women in their twenties and
thirties. While spot-lighted as leading consumers in the market sector
with nicknames like ‘Fabulous single' like those in ‘Sex and the City,'
or ‘Gold Miss' with annual incomes of 40 million won or more, they
are oppressed by public discourse for their overconsumption and
being criticized as the target of ‘Doenjangnyeo' dispute. In this paper,
I focus on how women in their twenties and thirties, particularly
those single career women with buying power, emerged as the main
body of consumption and study their consumption patterns and their
inherent cultural-political meanings through in-depth interviews.
From these interviews I found that these women developed
various strategies to cope with their current situations by practicing
their power of consumption and knew the scope of power that
money-making and cultivating outward appearances have in the
consumer society system. Instead of isolating them from production
156 Korean Journal of Social Issues Vol.8 No.1 April 2008
and work places, the modern society has turned women into
consumerswhile at the same time engaging in male-oriented public
discourse that object totheir consumption in this society. In depth
and wide range discussions will take us beyond the dichotomous and
disuniting phenomena of current public discourse where the ‘Fabulous
single' and ‘Doenjangnyeo' arguments coexist and confront each other.
Key words : consumer society, single career women, ‘Doenjangnyeo’,
‘Fabulous single', politics of consumption
Independent Living: An Alternative Support System
for People with Disabilities to Overcome Social
Park, Hyung-Jin
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Social Welfare, Korea University
The purpose of this study is to propose policy initiatives that
would grant social rights to people with disabilities through the practice of Independent Living in Korea. It begins by reviewing
the different policies and systems of Independent Living in other
countries and then analyzing and adjusting them to fit the situation in Korea.
Continuous social exclusion from full participation in society for
making a living, organizing life and taking part in the development of
the future exists for the disabled. It is advocated with the rationale
that social exclusion secures the basic needs of life and that the
system is necessary for life support and safeguarding client's rights. In
other words, it is argued that people with disabilities have the right
to use culturally valued means in order to establish and maintain
valued social roles. However, at the individual level, the impact of
social exclusion can be devastating, leading to low self-esteem, poor
The issue of granting social rights to people with disabilities
remains an unresolved problem so far as they are treated as marginal,
powerless groups and as a social underclass. Our society has to
enable devalued persons to attain a more valued membership in
158 Korean Journal of Social Issues Vol.8 No.1 April 2008
society. Independent Living is very important in the point of
guaranteeing the diversity of life as a right.
To resolve the problems of social exclusion in Korea, the first step is
to empower people with disabilities through education and skill training
for Independent Living. The second step is the institutionalization of
Independent Living and continued advocacy through the Independent
Living Movement. Lastly it is important to strengthen role of the
Key words: social exclusion, advocacy, empowerment, independent
The Effect of Fiscal Decentralization of Social Welfare
on the Change in the Social Welfare Budget of Local
Lee, Joung seb
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of social welfare, Pusan National University
In the last two decades there has been a worldwide interest in the
decentralization of government in developed welfare states. In the
western welfare state, financial decentralization was an effective tool
for reducing thesocial welfare budget of the central government. There
were attempts at financial decentralization for efficient management of
social welfare services, but these cases are few and far between.
In a fiscally decentralized system, social welfare policies of local
governments are permitted to differ in order to reflect the need of
their residents. However, responsibility of social welfare can also be
transferred to the local government along with the autonomy.
President Roh Moo Hyun of Participatory Government puts great
emphasis upon financial decentralization policies. In 2005, 67 out of
138 national social welfare works were transferred to local
government. This study analyses the change of social welfare budget
in local governments after financial decentralization of social welfare
is executed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
first, while grants-in-aid for the decentralizedof 67 social welfare
works has reduced since financial decentralization of social welfare,
the financial burden of the local governments has risen continuously.
Second, in spite of the increasing of expenditure caused by the shift
160 Korean Journal of Social Issues Vol.8 No.1 April 2008
in social welfare works from the central government to the local
government, the financial shift has not been fulfilled. Consequently,
many local governments are facing difficulties in securing the required
budget for the social welfare of their residents.
Key Words : financial decentralization, local social work, social
welfare budget, grants-in-aid for decentralization
A Comparative Research on the National Identity of
Korea and Japan in the Age of Globalization
Ohn, Mahn-Geum Kang, Min-Hyoung
The purpose of this research is to examine and compare national
identity including national pride, attachment to community, and
attitude toward international issues such as trade and foreign culture
of both Korea and Japan. Results are generally compatible with
theoretical expectation. Both Korean and Japanese are similar in the
pattern of attachment to community, national pride in political
democracy, economic development, social security system, and
achievement in sport. Overall, Japanese attached strongly to
community and are more proud of their country. Even though both
countries have enjoyed the economicaffluence from foreign trade and
relations, they are negative to free trade, foreign goods, and
multinational cooperation. Both age and income are positive in Japan
while class is negative to national attachment in Korea. And both age
and class are positive in Japan while age and education are negative
Key words : national identity, emotional attachment, national pride,
New International School Thailand Introduction The New International School Thailand ( NIST ), places a high priority on the need to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in our school and community. By using the information and protocol/s described in this document, it is hoped that the health and regular school attendance of students can be improved so that they may
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