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Patient information for Oesophagoscopy
Full name of procedure:
Rigid and flexible oesophagoscopy
Short name:
Oesophagoscopy or endoscopy
Reason for procedure:
The oesophagoscope is a telescope which can be used to examine
the inside of the oesophagus (gullet) and take tissue samples
(biopsies) from its lining. It helps in the diagnosis of the following
conditions:
• Acid reflux• Cancer of the gullet• Achalasia• Stricture (narrowing) of the oesophagus There are a number of treatments which can be performed with thegastroscope without the need for any cuts in the skin.
• Stretching of a fibrotic stricture (narrowing due to scar tissue).
This procedure is called a dilatation of the oesophagus.
• Removal of food blocked in the gullet.
• Lasering of a tumour: where a tumour blocks the gullet, a laser can core out the centre to allow swallowing to be resumed.
• Coagulation (burning) of abnormal tissue (also known as ablation). Tissue like Barrett’s metaplasia can lead on tocancer. If it is coagulated (burnt) with the argon plasmacoagulator, major surgery may be avoided. Laser orphotodynamic therapy can also be used to remove abnormaltissue.
Description of procedure:
The procedure is performed under general anaesthetic.
The oesophagoscope, a tube the width of your thumb, ispassed through the mouth into the gullet.
As the scope is passed down towards the stomach, anyunusual sites will have biopsies (small tissue samples) takenfrom them. Any narrowing will be stretched.
A second flexible scope may be passed down into the stomachunder the same anaesthetic. This allows the use of lasers andcoagulators.
When the procedure has been completed, you will be broughtto the recovery ward where your blood pressure, heart rate andoxygen levels will be monitored till you are fully awake.
Benefits of the procedure:
• diagnosis of conditions of the gullet, stomach or duodenum• treatment bleeding or obstruction• diagnosis and relief of oesophageal cancer Risks of the procedure:
Side-effects
It is common to have a sore throat after the procedure.
Some nausea is common. After the anaesthetic you will
be drowsy and will forget a lot of which you are told in the
hours after the procedure. You may vomit small amounts
of blood from any biopsy sites.
Complications of the procedure:
Any procedure performed by a doctor or a nurse has risks of
injury, complication or death.
Anaesthetic complications: As with all procedures
performed under anaesthesia, reactions to the drugs can
occur. While these are uncommon, the more severe
reactions can affect the heart (heart attack or abnormal
heart beat), the lungs (asthmatic attack or pneumonia) orthe brain (stroke or fit).
Aspiration: after the procedure it is possible for food or
stomach acid to be aspirated into the lungs (to go down
the wrong way into the windpipe.) This is why you are
asked to fast before the test and not to eat for 4 hours
after, by which time the anaesthetic will have worn off.
Aspiration can cause pneumonia (a chest infection).
Severe pneumonia can result in death. While it is rare it
is more common in older people and when a stretch or
stent procedure has been performed.
Bleeding: It is normal for there to be a small amount of
bleeding where tissue biopsies have been taken or where
a dilatation (stretch) has been performed. More severe
bleeding can occur in people who bleed easily, take drugs
which thin the blood (Aspirin or Warfarin) or have liver
disease. Severe bleeding can result in death. While it is
rare it is more common in older people and when a
stretch or stent procedure has been performed.
Pain: There is usually not much pain after an
oesophagoscopy procedure. You may have a mild sore
throat. When a stretch has been performed there may be
more discomfort which may last a few hours. You will be
given painkilling medication for this pain. Severe pain can
be a sign of a perforation of the oesophagus.
Temperature: many people have a slightly raised
temperature in the hours after the procedure. A more
persistent temperature suggests a possible tear of the
lining of the gullet or a perforation.
Perforation (rupture) of the oesophagus: While small
tears of the lining of the oesophagus frequently occur
when a dilatation (stretch) is performed, rupture through
the full thickness of the wall of the gullet can occur. It can
also follow laser or coagulation therapy. While it is very
uncommon, this is a very serious complication. If a
rupture occurs you may require major surgery. You will be
in hospital for a number of weeks. A severe perforation
can result in death.
Notification of results.
The staff on the ward will talk to you after you have recoveredfrom the anaesthetic. The doctor will make arrangements foryour GP to have details of the procedure and you may be givenan appointment for an outpatient clinic to discuss the resultsfurther.
The results of the biopsies will not be available forapproximately a week after the procedure.
Contact numbers:
• Royal Victoria Hospital Day Procedure Unit: 028 90634212• Royal Victoria Hospital Thoracic Secretaries: 028 9063 3730/2027 Warning:
If you are taking any drug which thins the blood, this may increase
the risk of bleeding. An alternative may need to be prescribed up to
two weeks before the procedure and you may need to be admitted
earlier than planned. Please advise your surgeon (or contact his
secretary) if you are taking any of the following drugs:
• Warfarin• Aspirin• Plavix (Clopidogrel)• Drugs for treating arthritis such as : o Voltarol (diclofenac),o Indocid (indomethacin),o Brufen (ibuprofen),o Ketoralac,o Mobic (meloxicam),o Celebrex (celecoxib),o Vioxx (rofecoxib),o Advil,o Neurofen,o Feldene.
Keywords to search the internet
Oesophagoscopy (also spelt esophagoscopy in American pages)Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopyBiopsyDilatationLaserArgon plasma coagulationDilatation Relevant Websites
http://www.medicdirect.co.uk/videos/default.ihtml?pid=175&step=4
http://www.digestivedisorders.org.uk/leaflets/cancer.htm
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/surgery/nmlc/photodynamic_therapy_using_ala.htm

Source: http://www.mactheknife.org/Patient_information/Oesophagoscopy_files/Oesophagoscopy.pdf